Types of Tablet Coaters

 Tablet coating machines are used to cover the tablet surface with a thin film layer. The film is mostly used for:

1.      Hide the pill's color, flavor, and odor.

2.      Protection against physical or chemical damage to the drug.

3.      Regulate the medication's release.

4.      prevent the medicine from disintegration by digestive fluids.

5.      Enhance the tablet look - make the product more attractive.

6.      Include medicines or ingredients in the layer to prevent incompatibility with chemical products.

Tablet coating machines operate on the basic premise of applying coating materials to a set of tablets in a bed that may move horizontally or vertically. A simultaneous airflow allows the solvent to evaporate. The coating is spread uniformly throughout the tablets by the bed's movement.

There are now numerous varieties of tablet coating machines on the market. The following are the three main categories.

 

1.   Standard Pan

This comprises an approximately 15 to 200 cm (6 to 80 centimeters) diameter circular metal pan that is inclined on a tabletop stand. An electric motor can be used to rotate the pan.

The panel is configured to rotate after loading a batch of tablets. The movement of the tablets leads them to tumble within the pan. In the rotating tablet bed, the coating solution is sprayed in atomized form, which generates a quick and equal distribution.

Drying efficiency may be accomplished easily by:

       I.          The immersion sword - the drying air is spread through a perforated metal sword immersed in the bed.

     II.          Using a baffled pan and diffuser enables the consistent dispersion of dried air throughout the surface of the tablet.

    III.          An immersion tube system - the tube is submerged in the bed and provides hot air via the spray nozzle.

 

2.   Perforated Pan

This equipment is composed of a partly or fully perforated drum, which rotates on its horizontal axis and the complete system is enclosed in a sealed housing.

The coating solution is applied through spray nozzles inside the tank in all perforated pan systems.

 

3.   Fluidized Bed System

The chamber generally is a vertical cylinder in a fluidized bed processor. A column of air that flows up from the lower center of the cylinders fluidizes the pellets. The tablets in the center travel upward and downwards through the chamber wall, from the base of the column into the air stream again. In the base and top of the chamber, there are spray nozzles used to insert the coating solution.

The core of the pellet is fragile, abrasive, and tearing-prone, which makes it difficult even under optimal conditions to completely coat the tablet. This is due to the tablet-to-tablet collision as well as the contact between the tablet chamber and the tablet.

Two main configurations are utilized to implement fine tablet coating solutions:

     I.        High-Pressure Airless System

Airless spray fluid is pushed into a small orifice between 0.02 and 0.2 mm in diameter at the high pressure of 1.7 to 20 MPa (250 to 3000 Psi) to produce a fine spray. The atomization degree and the spray rate are all regulated by fluid pressure, viscosity, and size of the aperture.

    II.        Low-Pressure Atomized Air Systems

The liquid is pushed through a wider opening between 0.05 and 2.5 mm in diameter with a relatively low pressure of 35 – 350 kPa (5 to 50 psi). At the top of the atomizer, the low-pressure air reaches the liquid stream and a finely distributed spray pattern is created. The degree of atomization is determined by the size of the aperture, fluid viscosity, fluid pressure, air cap design, and air pressure.

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